Lutsi Nouns
This section is a summary of some of the noun and verb morphology of Lutsi. The data in the examples is drawn from materials collected by researchers Paulopriit Voolaine, August Sang, Aino Valmet, Salme Nigol, Salme Tanning, and Elna Adler. The noun declension and verb conjugation paradigms are taken from August Sang’s unpublished studies of Lutsi noun and verb morphology. Unlike in the word list on this website, which is regularized according to the speech of Lutsi speakers from Lielie Tjapši, the data in these examples are written as they originally appeared in connected speech, though rewritten in my Lutsi practical orthography. All of the examples for this section are taken from speakers living in Lielie Tjapši and Škirpāni. Both villages are located in the former Pilda parish (pagasts, in Latvian), which is to the south of Ludza
Nouns
August Sang distinguishes thirteen noun cases in his unpublished study of Lutsi noun morphology. A fourteenth case, the accusative, can be added on for convenience in explaining grammatical relations. The accusative case is not, however, included in the noun declension paradigms as it is not morphologically distinct. Lutsi noun cases function much as the same cases function in its close linguistic relatives Estonian and Finnish. The source for each example is listed with that example as a numeral in parentheses. The key to these numerals is given at the bottom of the page
Nominative
The subject of a verb is typically in the nominative case.
(Nominative) Repän nār (1)
fox laughs
‘The fox is laughing.’
The nominative plural is often formed by adding the plural -q to the genitive singular form. The genitive singular of ‘horse’ is hobeza.
(Nom.pl.) Hobezaq olliq kyvaq. (2)
horses were strong
‘The horses were strong.’
Partitive and Accusative
The
direct object of a verb can be in the partitive, genitive singular, or
nominative plural. Finnic languages distinguish two types of direct
objects. One type of direct object always appears in the partitive,
while the other type appears in the genitive when singular and in the
nominative when plural. This second type of object is sometimes referred
to as the “accusative” and I am using that term here for convenience.
The
difference between partitive and accusative objects is multifaceted. On
one hand, some verbs always have an accusative direct object, while
other verbs always have a partitive direct object. On the other hand, in
Finnic languages in general, verbs with partitive objects will express
an imperfective meaning (uncompleted or open-ended actions), while verbs
with accusative objects will express a perfective meaning (completed
actions or actions with a defined endpoint). However, the partitive and
accusative distinction should not be reduced to just a way of
distinguishing between imperfective and perfective in Finnic languages.
(Partitve) Kuningas lähäț voiska poiga oțșma (3)
king sent army boy to look for
‘The king sent the army to look for the boy.’
(Accusative/ …piniq rebäze kinni vytnuq (1)
Gen.sg.) dogs fox closed take
‘…the dogs would catch the fox.’
(Accusative/ Kost sa neoq kalaq vytiq? (1)
Nom.pl.) from where you.sg. those fish took
‘From where did you get those fish?’
All negated verbs have partitive direct objects.
(Partitive) …ei ole-eiq rebäst, ei ole-eiq kallu (1)
nor is not fox nor is not fish.pl.
‘…there are neither foxes, nor fish.‘
The partitive singular form is used for all nouns with numerals, with the exception of nouns with üțș ‘one’ for which the nominative form is used.
(Nominative) üțș hopen (4)
one horse
(Partitive) kațș hobest (4)
two horse
Locative cases (illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative)
The Finnic languages are known for having a broad system of locative cases. These are often grouped into two categories: the “inner” (illative, inessive, elative) and “outer” (allative, adessive, ablative) cases. These cases are used to express their literal meanings (to where, where, from where — respectively), as well as for other uses. For example, as Lutsi has no verb meaning ‘to have’, the adessive case is used to create a construction with this meaning, while the allative case is used to indicate indirect objects.
The illative in Lutsi, just as in Estonian, has two forms: the “short” and “long” illative. In Estonian, both of these forms are morphologically distinct from the other noun cases. In Lutsi, however, only the short illative is distinct. The long illative is identical to the allative.
Both illative forms cannot be formed for all nouns. Some nouns have both forms, others have one or the other. In the first example below, sytta ‘(in)to war’ is a short illative form, but kerikule ‘into the church’ is a long illative which is not morphologically distinct from the allative for this noun. Generally speaking, the illative indicates movement into an enclosed space, while the allative indicates motion towards an open area. This difference can be seen when comparing kerikule ‘(in)to the church’ with mäele ‘on to/up the mountain’ in the next example. kerikule indicates motion into a church — an enclosed space, while mäele indicates motion up a mountain — an open area. The short illative does not have a unique ending, while the allative is usually formed by affixing -le to the genitive form of the noun.
(Short Sǟd jo imä poiga sytta (5)
Illative) send still mother son to war
‘Still the mother is sending the son to war.’
(Long …ļǟmi kerikule (6)
Illative) we go into church
‘…[we] are going into the church’
(Allative) Tulkke mäele (7)
come.pl up the mountain
‘Come (pl.) up the mountain’
This same kind of inner-outer contrast can be drawn between the inessive and adessive. The inessive ending is -h, -n, or -hn, while the adessive ending is -l. The inessive indicates location within an enclosed space. The adessive indicates location on an object or in an open area. In the first example, obros ‘religious image’ is in an enclosed space — kerikuh ‘in the church’ — and for this reason the inessive is used. In the next example the location being discussed is a country, which includes mā ‘earth, ground, land’ in its name, which is an open space, therefore the adessive is used — Ēstumāl ‘in Estonia’.
(Inessive) …timä obros sais kerikuh (8)
his/her religious image stands in church
‘…his/her religious image stands in church’
(Adessive) …Ēstumāl oļļ paļļo paŗemb elläq… (7)
in Estonia was much better to live
‘…it was much better to live in Estonia…’
The same contrast is also seen in the final two locative cases — the elative and ablative. These cases indicate movement outward from a location. The elative, with the ending -st, indicates motion out from an enclosed space, while the ablative indicates motion off of or away from an open area. In the first example, the elative is used to show that kuningas ‘king’ is looking out umast dommast ‘from his own house’. In the second example, the ablative shows motion away from a country with mā ‘earth, ground, land’ in its name, Ēstumālt ‘from Estonia’.
(Elative) Kuningas kaes umast dommast (9)
king looks from own house
‘The king looks out from his own house’
(Ablative) …Ēstumālt lähädüq sījäq (10)
from Estonia sent.pl. to here
‘…sent from Estonian to here’
As stated earlier, the locative cases in Finnic languages have a broad range of uses in contexts not directly connected to an explicit locative meaning. As Lutsi has no verb ‘to have’, a construction using the adessive and the third person form of olemaq ‘to be’ is used to express this meaning.
(Adessive) …oļļ näil vīz lambakeist (11)
was they five lamb
‘…they had five lambs’
The allative case is used for indicating indirect objects.
(Allative) Annaq mulle kaq maitsaq! (1)
give to me also to taste
‘Give (it) to me to taste, too!’
Comitative, abessive, terminative, and translative
The comitative expresses a meaning like the English preposition ‘with’. The comitative ending is -ga.
(Comitative) Jelli dēḑä bābaga (11)
lived grandfather with grandmother
‘Grandfather lived with grandmother.’
The abessive expresses the absence of something. Due to vowel harmony, the abessive ending has two forms: -lda(q) and -ldä(q).
(Abessive) …vanemb poig, kiä latsilda elli (12)
bachelor who without children lived
‘…the bachelor who lived without children’
The terminative indicates location up to a certain point in space or time. The terminative ending is -ni
(Terminative) Kșondz katenetyiskümneni tunnini maka-aiq (13)
priest until twelve sleep-not
‘The priest doesn’t sleep until twelve o’clock’
The translative expresses a meaning of “how” or “in what way”. In Lutsi, the translative ending is the same as the elative ending.
(Translative) Minnu kutsti vaderist (1)
I invited as godfather
‘I was invited [to be] the godfather’
Declension examples
These examples are taken from August Sang’s unpublished study Morfoloogiline ülevaade (Noomen) Lutsi mürdest (A Morphological Survey (Noun) of the Lutsi dialect). The examples are given in my Lutsi practical orthography. Sang’s original forms written a form of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet are given alongside in parentheses.
| mā (mâ) | 'earth, land' | üțș (üt̅’s) | 'one' | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | mā (mâ) | māq (māˀ) | Nominative | üțș (üt̅’s) | üteq (üt̀eˀ) | |
| Genitive | mā (mâ) | maije (maijè) | Genitive | üte (üt̀è) | üttsi (üt̀’tsi) | |
| Partitive | mād (mâd) | maid (maìd) | Partitive | ütte (üt̀te) | üttsi (üt̀’tsi) | |
| Allative | māle (mâлe͔) | maile (maìлe͔) | Allative | ütele (üt̀èle) | ütsile ~ ütsili (üt̆’tsile ~ l’i) | |
| Adessive | māl (mâл) | mail (maìл) | Adessive | ütel (üt̀èл) | ütsil (üt̆’tsiл) | |
| Ablative | mālt (mâлt̀) | mailt (maìлt) | Ablative | ütelt (üt̀èлt) | ütsilt (üt̆’tsiлt) | |
| Illative (short) | mahaq (mahaˀ) | Illative (short) | ütte (üt̀te) | |||
| Illative (long) | māle (mâлe͔) | maile (maìлe͔) | Illative (long) | ütsile ~ ütsili (üt̆’tsile ~ l’i) | ||
| Inessive | māh (māh̀) | maih (maìh) | Inessive | üteh (üt̀eh) | ütsih (üt̆’tsih) | |
| Elative | māst (māst̀) | maist (maìst) | Elative | ütest (üt̀est) | ütsist (üt̆’tsist) | |
| Comitative | māga (mâga) | maijega (maijega) | Comitative | ütega (üt̀èga) | üttsiga (üt̀’tsiga) | |
| Abessive | māldaq (mâлdaˀ) ~ māldaq (māлdaˀ) | maildaq (maìлdaˀ) | Abessive | üteldäq (üt̀èлdäˀ) | ütsildäq (üt̆’tsildäˀ) | |
| Terminative | māni (mân’i) | maini (maìn’i) | Terminative | üteni (üt̀èn’i) | ütsini (üt̆’tsin’i) | |
| Translative | māst (māst̀) | maist (maìst) | Translative | ütest (üt̀est) | ütsist (üt̆tsist) |
| āh̦ (âHJ) | 'goose' | lațș (лat̅’s) | 'child' | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | āh̦ (âHJ) | aheq (aheˀ) | Nominative | lațș (лat̅’s) | latseq (лat̆tse͔ˀ) | |
| Genitive | ahe (ahè) | āhji (âhji) | Genitive | latse (лat̆tsè͔) | lattsi (лat̀’t’si) | |
| Partitive | āht (âHt) | āhji (âhji) | Partitive | last (лas̅t) | lattsi (лat̀’t’si) | |
| Allative | ahele (aheлe͔) | ahile (ahiлe͔) | Allative | latsele (лat̆tse͔лe͔) | latsile (лat̆’tsiлe͔) | |
| Adessive | ahel (aheл) | ahil (ahiл) | Adessive | latsel (лat̆tse͔л) | latsil (лat̆’tsiл) | |
| Ablative | ahelt (aheлt) | ahilt (ahiлt) | Ablative | latselt (лat̆tse͔лt̀) | latsilt (лat̆’tsiлt̀) | |
| Illative (short) | āhte (âhte͔) | Illative (short) | laste (лas̅te͔) | |||
| Illative (long) | ahile (ahiлe͔) | Illative (long) | latsele (лat̆tse͔лe͔) | latsile (лat̆’tsiлe͔) | ||
| Inessive | aheh (aheh̀) | ahih (ahih) | Inessive | latseh (лat̆tse͔h) | latsih (лat̆’tsih) | |
| Elative | ahest (ahest) | ahist (ahist) | Elative | latsest (лat̆tse͔st) | latsist (лat̆’tsist) | |
| Comitative | ahega (ahega) | āhjiga (âhjiga) | Comitative | latsega (лat̆tse͔ga) | lattsiga (лat̀’tsiga) | |
| Abessive | aheldaq (aheлdaˀ) | ahildaq (ahiлdaˀ) | Abessive | latseldaq (лat̆tse͔лdaˀ) | lattsildaq (лat̀’tsiлdaˀ) ~ imla latsildaq (im̀лa · t̆’tsiлdaˀ) |
|
| Terminative | aheni (ahen’i) | ahini (ahin’i) | Terminative | latseni (лat̆tse͔n’i) | latsini (лat̆’tsin’i) | |
| Translative | ahest (ahest̀) | ahist (ahist) | Translative | latsest (лat̆tse͔st) | latsist (лat̆tsist̀) |
| lumi (лumì) | 'snow' | nāņe (nān’e) | 'woman' | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | lumi (лumì) | lumeq (лume͔ˀ) | Nominative | nāņe (nān’e) | nāz̦eq (nāz’eˀ) | |
| Genitive | lume (лumè͔) | lummi (лum̆mì) | Genitive | nāz̦e (nāz’e) | naizi (naìz(’)i) | |
| Partitive | lumme (лum̆mè͔) | lummi (лum̆mì) | Partitive | naist (nais̀t) | naizi (naìz(’)i) | |
| Allative | lumele (лumè͔лe͔) | lumile (лumìлe͔) | Allative | nāz̦ele (nāz’eлe͔) | nāzile (nāz’iлe͔) | |
| Adessive | lumel (лumè͔л) | lumil (лumìл) | Adessive | nāz̦el (nāz’eл) | nāzil (nāz’iл) | |
| Ablative | lumelt (лumè͔лt̀) | lumilt (лumìлt̀) | Ablative | nāz̦eлt (nāz’eлt) | nāzilt (nāz’iлt) | |
| Illative (short) | lumme (лum̀me͔) ~ lume sisse (лumè͔ sis̀se) | Illative (short) | naiste (naìste͔) | |||
| Illative (long) | lumile (лumìлe͔) | Illative (long) | nāzile (nāz’iлe͔) | |||
| Inessive | lumeh (лume͔h) | lumih (лumih) | Inessive | nāz̦eh (nāz’eh) | nāzih (nāz’ih) | |
| Elative | lumest (лume͔st) | lumist (лumist) | Elative | nāz̦est (nāz’est) | nāzist (nāz’ist) | |
| Comitative | lumega (лumè͔ga) | lummiga (лum̆miga) | Comitative | nāz̦ega (nāz’ega) | naiziga (naìz(’)iga) | |
| Abessive | lumeldaq (лumè͔лdaˀ) | lumildaq (лumìлdaˀ) | Abessive | nāz̦eldaq (nāz’eлdaˀ) | nāzildaq (nāz’iлdaˀ) | |
| Terminative | lumeni (лumè͔n’i) | lumini (лumìn’i) | Terminative | nāz̦eni (nāz’en’i) | nāzini (nāz’in’i) | |
| Translative | lumest (лume͔st) | lumist (лumist̀) | Translative | nāz̦est (nāz’est) | nāzist (nāz’ist) |
| taļvine (tal’vìne͔) | 'wintery' | hybehane (he̮be͔hane͔) | 'silvery' | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | taļvine (tal’vìne͔) | taļvidzeq (tal’vìdze͔ˀ) | Nominative | hybehane (he̮be͔hane͔) | hybehadzeq (he̮be͔hadze͔ˀ) |
|
| Genitive | taļvidze (tal’vìdze͔) | taļvitsidi (tal’vit̆tsid’i) | Genitive | hybehadze (he̮be͔hadze͔) | hybehaizi ~ hybehaidzi (he̮be͔haìz’i ~ haìd’zi) |
|
| Partitive | taļvist (tal’vist) | taļvitsit (tal’vit̆tsit) | Partitive | hybehaist (he̮be͔haist) | hybehaizi ~ hybehaidzi (he̮be͔haìz’i ~ haìd’zi) |
|
| Allative | taļvitsele (tal’vit̆tse͔лe͔) | taļvitsile ~ taļvitsili (tal’vit̆tsile ~l’i) | Allative | hybehazele (he̮be͔haze͔лe͔) | hybehaizile he̮be͔haiz’iлe͔) |
|
| Adessive | taļvitsel (tal’vit̆tse͔л) | taļvitsil (tal’vit̆tsiл) | Adessive | hybehazel (he̮be͔haze͔л) | hybehaizil (he̮be͔haiz’iл) |
|
| Ablative | taļvitselt (tal’vit̆tse͔лt) | taļvitsilt (tal’vit̆tsiлt) | Ablative | hybehazelt (he̮be͔haze͔лt) | hybehaizilt (he̮be͔haiz’iлt) |
|
| Illative (short) | Illative (short) | hybehaiste (he̮be͔haìste͔) | ||||
| Illative (long) | taļvitsele (tal’vit̆tse͔лe͔) | taļvitsile ~ taļvitsili (tal’vit̆tsile ~ l’i) | Illative (long) | hybehaizile (he̮be͔haiz’iлe͔) |
||
| Inessive | taļvitseh, talvitsehn (tal’vit̆tse͔h, -n) | taļvitsih, taļvitsihn (tal’vit̆tsih, -n) | Inessive | hybehazeh (he̮be͔haze͔h) | hybehaizih (he̮be͔haiz’ih) |
|
| Elative | taļvitsest (tal’vit̆tse͔st) | taļvitsist (tal’vit̆tsist) | Elative | hybehazest (he̮be͔haze͔st) | hybehaizist (he̮be͔haiz’ist) |
|
| Comitative | taļvidzega (tal’vìdze͔ga) | taļvitsidiga (tal’vit̆tsid’iga) | Comitative | hybehazega (he̮be͔haze͔ga) | hybehaidziga ~ hybehaiziga (he̮be͔haìd’ziga~haìziga) |
|
| Abessive | taļvitseldaq (tal’vittse͔лdaˀ) | taļvitsildaq (tal’vit̆tsiлdaˀ) | Abessive | hybehazeldaq (he̮be͔haze͔лdaˀ) | hybehaizildaq (he̮be͔haiz’ildaˀ) |
|
| Terminative | taļvitseni (tal’vit̆tse͔n’i) | taļvitsini (tal’vit̆tsin’i) | Terminative | hybehazeni (he̮be͔haze͔n’i) | hybehaizini (he̮be͔haiz’in’i) |
|
| Translative | taļvitsest (tal’vit̆tse͔st) | taļvitsist (tal’vit̆tsist) | Translative | hybehazest (he̮be͔haze͔st) | hybehaizist (he̮be͔haiz’ist) |
| vyeras (ve̮eras̀) | 'foreign' | hameq (hamè͔ˀ) | 'shirt' | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | vyeras (ve̮eras̀) | vyiraq (vi̮iraˀ) | Nominative | hameq (hamè͔ˀ) | hammeq (ham̀me͔ˀ) | |
| Genitive | vyira (vi̮ira) | vyiridi (vi̮irid’i) | Genitive | hamme (ham̀me͔) | hammidi (ham̀mid’i) | |
| Partitive | vyerast (ve̮erast) | vyirit (vi̮irit) | Partitive | hameht (hame͔ht) | hammit (ham̀mit̀) | |
| Allative | vyirale (vi̮iraлe͔) | vyirile ~ vyirili (vi̮irile ~ l’i) | Allative | hammele (ham̀me͔лe͔) | hammile ~ hammili (ham̀mile ~ l’i) |
|
| Adessive | vyiral (vi̮iraл) | vyiril (vi̮iriл) | Adessive | hammel (ham̀me͔л) | hammil (ham̀miл) | |
| Ablative | vyiralt (vi̮iraлt) | vyirilt (vi̮iriлt) | Ablative | hammelt (ham̀me͔лt) | hammilt (ham̀miлt) | |
| Illative (short) | Illative (short) | |||||
| Illative (long) | vyirale (vi̮iraлe͔) | vyirile ~ vyirili (vi̮irile ~ l’i) | Illative (long) | hammele (ham̀me͔лe͔) | hammile ~ hammili (ham̀mile ~ l’i) |
|
| Inessive | vyirah, vyirahn (vi̮irah, -n) | vyirih (vi̮irih) | Inessive | hammeh, hammehn (ham̀me͔h, -n) | hammih, hammihn (ham̀mih, -n) |
|
| Elative | vyirast (vi̮irast) | vyirist (vi̮irist) | Elative | hammest (ham̀me͔st) | hammist (ham̀mist) | |
| Comitative | vyiraga (vi̮iraga) | vyiridiga (vi̮irid’iga) | Comitative | hammega (ham̀me͔ga) | hammidiga (ham̀mid’iga) |
|
| Abessive | vyiraldaq (vi̮iraлdaлˀ) | vyirildaq (vi̮iriлdaˀ) | Abessive | hammeldaq (ham̀me͔лdaˀ) | hammildaq (ham̀miлdaˀ) |
|
| Terminative | vyirani (vi̮iran’i) | vyirini (vi̮irin’i) | Terminative | hammeni (ham̀men’i) | hammini (ham̀mini) | |
| Translative | vyirast (vi̮irast) | vyirist (vi̮irist) | Translative | hammest (ham̀me͔st) | hammist (ham̀mist) |
Texts:
- ES MT 22 (Lugusid rebasest), Speaker: Jānis Hermans (Jaan Herman) (Lielie Tjapši), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- EMH 0191 (Maaharimisest), Speaker: Osips Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Documenters: Salme Nigol, Salme Tanning, Elna Adler, 1960, Transcribed from recordings by T. Iva, 2009.
- ES MT 22 (Õlekuningas), Speaker: Agata Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- F157 (Koduloomadest), Speaker: Jāzeps Germovs (Lielie Tjapši), Documenters: Aino Valmet, Paulopriit Voolaine, 5-6.6.1971, Transcribed from recordings by T. Tuisk, 2008.
- ES MT 178 (Millal sõjamees koju saab), Speaker: Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Kuuldelisi tekste Lutsimaalt Jaani ja Kirbu külast, Documenter August Sang, 1936, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
- F157 (Keelekasutusest), Speaker: Jāzeps Germovs (Lielie Tjapši), Documenters: Aino Valmet, Paulopriit Voolaine, 5-6.6.1971, Transcribed from recordings by T. Tuisk, 2008.
- ES MT 22 (Vägimees Sergei Sarapontšik), Speaker: Jānis Hermans (Jaan Herman) (Lielie Tjapši), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- F157 (Jüripäeval kirikus), Speaker: Jāzeps Germovs (Lielie Tjapši), Documenters: Aino Valmet, Paulopriit Voolaine, 5-6.6.1971, Transcribed from recordings by T. Tuisk, 2008.
- EMH 0191 (Sugulastest), Speaker: Osips Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Documenters: Salme Nigol, Salme Tanning, Elna Adler, 1960, Transcribed from recordings by T. Iva, 2009.
- EMH 0191 (Eestlasest Lutsimaal), Speaker: Osips Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Documenters: Salme Nigol, Salme Tanning, Elna Adler, 1960, Transcribed from recordings by T. Iva, 2009.
- ES MT 178 (Hunt saab laulu tasuks vanamehe loomad), Speaker: Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Kuuldelisi tekste Lutsimaalt Jaani ja Kirbu külast, Documenter: August Sang, 1936, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
- ES MT 102 (Tige vend), Speaker: Agata Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Fonograafilisi tekste Räpinast ja Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1926, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- ES MT 22 (Suur varas), Speaker: Agata Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- ES MT 247 (Kalapüüdja ja rebane), Speakers: Meikuls Jarošenko & Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Murdetekste Lutsimaalt, Documenter: August Sang, 1938, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
- ES MT 22 (Kits), Speaker: Agata Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- ES MT 178 (Koolnud kosilane sõidab mõrsjale järele), Speaker: Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Kuuldelisi tekste Lutsimaalt Jaani ja Kirbu külast, Documenter: August Sang, 1936, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
- ES MT 22 (Poisikene ja suur mees), Speaker: Jānis Hermans (Jaan Herman) (Lielie Tjapši), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- ES MT 22 (Tigedad õed), Speaker: Agata Jakimenko (Škirpāni), Murdetekste Lutsist, Documenter: Paulopriit Voolaine, 1925-1927, Original transcript retyped by T. Tuisk, 2009.
- ES MT 247 (Paulopriit Voolaine), Speakers: Meikuls Jarošenko & Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Murdetekste Lutsimaalt, Documenter: August Sang, 1938, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
- ES MT 247 (Kuldkalakene), Speakers: Meikuls Jarošenko & Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Murdetekste Lutsimaalt, Documenter: August Sang, 1938, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
- F157 (Perekonnast), Speaker: Jāzeps Germovs (Lielie Tjapši), Documenters: Aino Valmet, Paulopriit Voolaine, 5-6.6.1971, Transcribed from recordings by T. Tuisk, 2008.
- ES MT 178 (Poja ja minia haudadel kasvavad puud kokku), Speaker: Tekla Jarošenko (Lielie Tjapši), Kuuldeliski tekste Lutsimaalt Jaani ja Kirbu külast, Documenter: August Sang, 1936, Original transcript retyped by M. Kalmus, 2009.
Sources:
M0030. August Sang. 1936. Morfoloogiline ülevaade (Noomen) Lutsi murdest. Referenced version recopied by hand by A. Täkke, 1952.
M0029. August Sang. 1936. Ülevaade lutsi murde verbi morfoloogiast. Referenced version recopied by hand by Ingrid Vuks, 1952.
Abbreviations in the above references indicate the following archive locations for the cited texts and recordings:
EMH — Eesti keele instituut (Institute of the Estonian Language) [EMH is an abbreviation for Eesti murrete helilint, or “Estonian dialect audiotape”)
ES MT — Emakeele Selts (Mother Tongue Society)
F — Tartu Ülikooli eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse instituut (University of Tartu Institute of Estonian Language and General Linguistics)
M — Tartu Ülikooli eesti murrete ja sugulaskeelte arhiiv (University of Tartu Archives of Estonian Dialects and Kindred Languages)